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Research

Research Resources

State of the Evidence

We are currently in the process of writing our initial publications, which detail the theoretical basis and applications of the Human Rehabilitation Framework (HRF). While these articles are being finalized, we invite you to explore the extensive body of research articles that have contributed significantly to the development of this innovative approach.

Please note, the articles listed below are not an exhaustive representation; we are continually organizing and updating this list to reflect the latest research. If you would like more insights into our extensive state of the evidence or have specific inquiries, please connect with us for more information.

Pain Experience, Language Influence and Pain Terminology
  • Part III: Pain Terms, A Current List with Definitions and Notes on Usage” (pp 209-214) Classification of Chronic Pain, Second Edition, IASP Task Force on Taxonomy, edited by H. Merskey and N. Bogduk, IASP Press, Seattle, 1994.
  • Gaskin, Darrell J., and Patrick Richard. “The economic costs of pain in the United States.” The Journal of Pain 13.8 (2012): 715-724.
  • Petersen GL, Finnerup NB, Colloca L, et al. The magnitude of nocebo effects in pain: A meta-analysis. Pain2014;155(8):1426–1434.
  • Lin IB, O’sullivan PB, Coffin JA, Mak DB, Toussaint S, Straker LM. Disabling chronic low back pain as an iatrogenic disorder: a qualitative study in Aboriginal Australians. BMJ Open2013;3(4).
  • Barker K, Reid M, Minns Lowe J. (2009) Divided By A Common Language? A Qualitative Study Exploring The use Of Language By Health Professionals Treating Back Pain.  BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders123, (10); 1-10.
  • Setchell, Jenny, et al. “Individuals’ explanations for their persistent or recurrent low back pain: a cross-sectional survey.” BMC musculoskeletal disorders1 (2017): 466.
  • Brinjikji W, Luetmer PH, Comstock B, et al. Systematic Literature Review of Imaging Features of Spinal Degeneration in Asymptomatic Populations. American Journal of Neuroradiology2014;36(4):811–816.
  • Houben RM, Ostelo RW, Vlaeyen JW, Wolters PM, Peters M, Stomp-van den Berg SG. Health care providers’ orientations towards common low back pain predict perceived harmfulness of physical activities and recommendations regarding return to normal activity. Eur J Pain. Apr 2005;9(2):173-183.
  • Greene DL, Appel AJ, Reinert SE, Palumbo MA. Lumbar disc herniation: evaluation of information on the internet. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). Apr 1 2005;30(7):826-829.
  • Louw A, Diener I, Butler DS, Puentedura EJ. The effect of neuroscience education on pain, disability, anxiety, and stress in chronic musculoskeletal pain. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation. Dec 2011;92(12):2041-2056.
  • Kendall, N. A. S. “Guide to assessing psychosocial yellow flags in acute low back pain.” Risk factors for long-term disability and work loss(1997).
  • Louw A, Butler DS, Diener I, Puentedura EJ. Development of a preoperative neuroscience educational program for parents with lumbar radiculopathy. American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation Association of Academic Physiatrists.May 2013;92(5):446–‐452.
  • Fisher JP, Hassan DT, O’Connor N. BMJ. 1995 Jan 7;310(70).
  • Osborn, Jody, and Stuart WG Derbyshire. “Pain sensation evoked by observing injury in others.” Pain 148.2 (2010): 268-274.
  • Melzack R, Wall PD, Ty TC. Acute pain in an emergency clinic: Latency of onset and descriptor patterns related to different injuries. Pain 1982;14(1):33–43.
  • Desmond DM, Maclachlan M. Prevalence and characteristics of phantom limb pain and residual limb pain in the long term after upper limb amputation. International Journal of Rehabilitation Research2010;33(3):279–282.
  • Melzack, Ronald, Patrick D. Wall, and Tony C. Ty. “Acute pain in an emergency clinic: latency of onset and descriptor patterns related to different injuries.” Pain1 (1982): 33-43.
  • Desmond, Deirdre M., and Malcolm MacLachlan. “Prevalence and characteristics of phantom limb pain and residual limb pain in the long term after upper limb amputation.” International Journal of Rehabilitation Research 33.3 (2010): 279-282.
  • Bayer, Timothy L., Paul E. Baer, and Charles Early. “Situational and psychophysiological factors in psychologically induced pain.” Pain 44.1 (1991): 45-50.
  • Suri P, Boyko EJ, Goldberg J, Forsberg CW, Jarvik JG. Longitudinal associations between incident lumbar spine MRI findings and chronic low back pain or radicular symptoms: retrospective analysis of data from the longitudinal assessment of imaging and disability of the back (LAIDBACK). BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders BMC Musculoskelet Disord2014;15(1):152.
  • Brinjikji W, Luetmer PH, Comstock B, et al. Systematic Literature Review of Imaging Features of Spinal Degeneration in Asymptomatic Populations. American Journal of Neuroradiology2014;36(4):811–816.
  • Register, Brad, et al. “Prevalence of abnormal hip findings in asymptomatic participants: a prospective, blinded study.” The American journal of sports medicine12 (2012): 2720-2724.
  • Preston, Catherine, and Roger Newport. “Analgesic effects of multisensory illusions in osteoarthritis.” Rheumatology12 (2011): 2314-2315.
  • Sher, Jerry S., et al. “Abnormal findings on magnetic resonance images of asymptomatic shoulders.” JBJS1 (1995): 10-15.
  • Miniaci, Anthony, et al. “Magnetic resonance imaging of the shoulder in asymptomatic professional baseball pitchers.” The American journal of sports medicine1 (2002): 66-73.
  • Tonosu, Juichi, et al. “The associations between magnetic resonance imaging findings and low back pain: A 10-year longitudinal analysis.” PloS one11 (2017): e0188057.
  • Boorman, Richard S., et al. “What happens to patients when we do not repair their cuff tears? Five-year rotator cuff quality-of-life index outcomes following nonoperative treatment of patients with full-thickness rotator cuff tears.” Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery3 (2018): 444-448.
  • Wylde, Vikki, et al. “Persistent pain after joint replacement: prevalence, sensory qualities, and postoperative determinants.” PAIN®3 (2011): 566-572.
  • Liu, Spencer S., et al. “A cross-sectional survey on prevalence and risk factors for persistent postsurgical pain 1 year after total hip and knee replacement.” Regional anesthesia and pain medicine4 (2012): 415-422.
  • Goesling, Jenna, et al. “Trends and predictors of opioid use following total knee and total hip arthroplasty.” Pain6 (2016): 1259.
  • Moseley JB, O’malley K, Petersen NJ, et al. A Controlled Trial of Arthroscopic Surgery for Osteoarthritis of the Knee. New England Journal of Medicine N Engl J Med2002;347(2):81–88.
  • Sihvonen R, Paavola M, Malmivaara A, et al. Arthroscopic Partial Meniscectomy versus Sham Surgery for a Degenerative Meniscal Tear.New England Journal of Medicine N Engl J Med2013;369(26):2515–2524.
  • Schrøder, Cecilie Piene, et al. “Sham surgery versus labral repair or biceps tenodesis for type II SLAP lesions of the shoulder: a three-armed randomised clinical trial.” Br J Sports Med(2017): bjsports-2016.
  • Beard, David J., et al. “Arthroscopic subacromial decompression for subacromial shoulder pain (CSAW): a multicentre, pragmatic, parallel group, placebo-controlled, three-group, randomised surgical trial.” The Lancet(2017).
  • van Yperen, Daan T., et al. “Twenty-Year Follow-up Study Comparing Operative Versus Nonoperative Treatment of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Ruptures in High-Level Athletes.” The American journal of sports medicine5 (2018): 1129-1136.
  • Moseley, L., & Arntz, A. (2007). The context of a noxious stimulus affects the pain it evokes. Pain,133(1), 64-71. Retrieved October 31, 2014, from http://www.painjournalonline.com/article/S0304-3959(07)00115-7/abstract
  • Moseley, G. Lorimer, et al. “Psychologically induced cooling of a specific body part caused by the illusory ownership of an artificial counterpart.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences35 (2008): 13169-13173
  • Melzack, Ronald. “Pain and the neuromatrix in the brain.” Journal of dental education12 (2001): 1378-1382.
  • Tolle, Leslie B., and Theodore J. Standiford. “Danger‐associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) in acute lung injury.” The Journal of pathology2 (2013): 145-156.
  • Louw A, Diener I, Butler DS, Puentedura EJ. The effect of neuroscience education on pain, disability, anxiety, and stress in chronic musculoskeletal pain. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation. Dec 2011;92(12):2041-2056.
  • Hyldahl, Robert D., et al. “Running decreases knee intra-articular cytokine and cartilage oligomeric matrix concentrations: a pilot study.” European journal of applied physiology11-12 (2016): 2305-2314.
  • Williams, Paul T. “Effects of running and walking on osteoarthritis and hip replacement risk.” Medicine and science in sports and exercise7 (2013): 1292.
  • Belavý, Daniel L., et al. “Running exercise strengthens the intervertebral disc.” Scientific reports7 (2017): 45975.
  • Alentorn-Geli, Eduard, et al. “The Association of Recreational and Competitive running with hip and knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.” journal of orthopaedic & sports physical therapy6 (2017): 373-390.
Functional Contextualism
  • Hayes L, Fryling M. Functional and descriptive contextualism. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science. Published online 2019.
  • Finn M, Barnes-Holmes D. In support of reacquainting functional contextualism and interbehaviorism. Journal of contextual behavioral science. Published online 2021.
  • Ross LN, Bassett DS. Causation in neuroscience: keeping mechanism meaningful. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2024 Feb;25(2):81-90. doi: 10.1038/s41583-023-00778-7. Epub 2024 Jan 11. PMID: 38212413.
  • Hayes SC, Hayes LJ, Reese HW. Finding the philosophical core: a review of stephen c. Pepper’s world hypotheses: a study in evidence 1. J Exper Analysis Behavior. 1988;50(1):97-111.
  • Pepper, S. C. (1942). World Hypotheses: A Study in Evidence. United Kingdom: University of California Press.
Evolutionary Sciences
  • Gannon, L. (2002). A critique of evolutionary psychology. Psychology, Evolution & Gender, 4(2), 173–218. https://doi-org.ezproxy.gvsu.edu/10.1080/1461666031000063665
  • Ceunen E, Vlaeyen JW, Van Diest I. On the Origin of Interoception. Front Psychol. 2016 May 23;7:743. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00743. PMID: 27242642; PMCID: PMC4876111.
  • Wilson DS, Madhavan G, Gelfand MJ, Hayes SC, Atkins PWB, Colwell RR. Multilevel cultural evolution: From new theory to practical applications. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2023;120(16):e2218222120.
  • Randolph M Nesse, Tinbergen’s four questions: Two proximate, two evolutionary, Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health, Volume 2019, Issue 1, 2019, Page 2, https://doi.org/10.1093/emph/eoy035
  • Kozuch B. No pain, no gain (In darwinian fitness): a representational account of affective experience. Erkenntnis (1975-). 2020;85(3):693-714.
  • Wilson DS. This View of Life: Completing the Darwinian Revolution. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group; 2019.
  • Wilson, David S., ‘Two Meanings of Complex Adaptive Systems’, in David S Wilson, and Alan Kirman (eds), Complexity and Evolution: Toward a New Synthesis for Economics (Cambridge, MA, 2016; online edn, MIT Press Scholarship Online, 18 May 2017), https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262035385.003.0003, accessed 20 Apr. 2024.
  • Edwards DJ. Functional contextual implementation of an evolutionary, entropy-based, and embodied free energy framework: Utilizing Lagrangian mechanics and evolutionary game theory’s truth vs. fitness test of the veridicality of phenomenological experience. Front Psychol. 2023 Apr 11;14:1150743. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1150743. PMID: 37113127; PMCID: PMC10126492.
  • Gomersall T. Complex adaptive systems: a new approach for understanding health practices. Health Psychol Rev. 2018 Dec;12(4):405-418. doi: 10.1080/17437199.2018.1488603. Epub 2018 Sep 24. PMID: 29932851.
  • Wilson D. 3 two meanings of complex adaptive systems.
  • Carmichael, Ted & Hadzikadic, Mirsad. (2019). The Fundamentals of Complex Adaptive Systems. 10.1007/978-3-030-20309-2_1.
  • Gleick, J. (1988). Chaos. United Kingdom: Penguin.
  • Waldrop, M. M. (2019). Complexity: The Emerging Science at the Edge of Order and Chaos. United States: Open Road Media.
Ergodicity & Idionomics
  • Mangalam M, Kelty-Stephen DG. Ergodic descriptors of non-ergodic stochastic processes. J R Soc Interface. 2022;19(189):20220095.
  • Mangalam M, Sadri A, Hayano J, Watanabe E, Kiyono K, Kelty-Stephen DG. Multifractal foundations of biomarker discovery for heart disease and stroke. Sci Rep. 2023;13(1):18316.
  • Molenaar PC. On the implications of the classical ergodic theorems: analysis of developmental processes has to focus on intra-individual variation. Dev Psychobiol. 2008 Jan;50(1):60-9. doi: 10.1002/dev.20262. PMID: 18085558.
  • Franchi B, Heida M, Lorenzani S. A Mathematical model for Alzheimer’s disease: An approach via stochastic homogenization of the Smoluchowski equation. arXiv:190411015 [math]. Published online April 18, 2019.
  • Gomes CMA. The ergodic moment as a way to enable the individual measurement in clinics. Medical Research Archives. 2023;11(2).
  • Sahdra BK, Ciarrochi J, Klimczak KS, Krafft J, Hayes SC, Levin M. Testing the applicability of idionomic statistics in longitudinal studies: The example of ‘doing what matters.’ Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science. Published online 2024.
  • Sahdra BK, Ciarrochi J, Fraser MI, et al. The compassion balance: understanding the interrelation of self- and other-compassion for optimal well-being. Mindfulness. Published online 2023.
Process Based Approach
  • Hofmann SG, Hayes SC, Lorscheid DN. Learning process-based therapy: A skills training manual for targeting the core processes of psychological change in clinical practice. New Harbinger Publications; 2021.
  • Hayes SC, Hofmann SG, Ciarrochi J. A process-based approach to psychological diagnosis and treatment: The conceptual and treatment utility of an extended evolutionary meta model. Clinical psychology review. 2020;82:101908.
  • Hofmann SG, Hayes SC. The future of intervention science: Process-based therapy. Clinical Psychological Science. 2019;7(1):37-50.
  • Hayes SC, Ciarrochi J, Hofmann SG, Chin F, Sahdra B. Evolving an idionomic approach to processes of change: Towards a unified personalized science of human improvement. Behav Res Ther. Sep 2022;156:104155. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2022.104155
  • Ong CW, Ciarrochi J, Hofmann SG, Karekla M, Hayes SC. Through the extended evolutionary meta-model, and what ACT found there: ACT as a process-based therapy. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science. Published online 2024.
  • Salkovskis PM, Sighvatsson MB, Sigurdsson JF. How effective psychological treatments work: mechanisms of change in cognitive behavioural therapy and beyond. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy. Published online 2024.
  • Hayes SC, Hofmann SG, Ciarrochi J. The Idionomic Future of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: What Stands Out From Criticisms of ACT Development. Behav Ther. 2023 Nov;54(6):1036-1063. doi: 10.1016/j.beth.2023.07.011. Epub 2023 Jul 27. PMID: 37863584; PMCID: PMC10589451.
  • McCracken LM. Personalized pain management: Is it time for process-based therapy for particular people with chronic pain? Eur J Pain. 2023 Oct;27(9):1044-1055. doi: 10.1002/ejp.2091. Epub 2023 Feb 24. PMID: 36755478.
  • Ciarrochi, Joseph & Hayes, Steven & Hofmann, Stefan. (2021). Assessing Processes of Change in Psychological Interventions: The Process-Based Assessment Tool (PBAT). 10.31234/osf.io/2pbcf
  • Mulder T. A process-oriented model of human motor behavior: toward a theory-based rehabilitation approach. Phys Ther. 1991 Feb;71(2):157-64. doi: 10.1093/ptj/71.2.157. PMID: 1989011.
Psychological Flexibility
  • Kashdan TB, Rottenberg J. Psychological flexibility as a fundamental aspect of health. Clin Psychol Rev. 2010 Nov;30(7):865-78. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2010.03.001. Epub 2010 Mar 12. PMID: 21151705; PMCID: PMC2998793.
  • Lin J, Klatt LI, McCracken LM, Baumeister H. Psychological flexibility mediates the effect of an online-based acceptance and commitment therapy for chronic pain: an investigation of change processes. Pain. 2018 Apr;159(4):663-672. doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001134. PMID: 29320375.
  • Pakenham KI, Landi G, Cattivelli R, Grandi S, Tossani E. Identification of psychological flexibility and inflexibility profiles during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Clin Psychol. 2023 Oct;79(10):2225-2250. doi: 10.1002/jclp.23536. Epub 2023 May 16. PMID: 37192495.
  • Ong CW, Woods DW, Franklin ME, Saunders SM, Neal-Barnett AM, Compton SN, Twohig MP. The role of psychological flexibility in acceptance-enhanced behavior therapy for trichotillomania: Moderation and mediation findings. Behav Res Ther. 2023 May;164:104302. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2023.104302. Epub 2023 Mar 21. PMID: 37030243; PMCID: PMC10115155.
  • Whiting DL, Deane FP, Simpson GK, McLeod HJ, Ciarrochi J. Cognitive and psychological flexibility after a traumatic brain injury and the implications for treatment in acceptance-based therapies: A conceptual review. Neuropsychol Rehabil. 2017 Mar;27(2):263-299. doi: 10.1080/09602011.2015.1062115. Epub 2015 Jul 9. PMID: 26156228.
  • Guerrini Usubini A, Varallo G, Granese V, Cattivelli R, Consoli S, Bastoni I, Volpi C, Castelnuovo G, Molinari E. The Impact of Psychological Flexibility on Psychological Well-Being in Adults With Obesity. Front Psychol. 2021 Mar 22;12:636933. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.636933. PMID: 33828505; PMCID: PMC8019785.
  • Yucel D, Fan W. Workplace flexibility, work-family interface, and psychological distress: differences by family caregiving obligations and gender. Appl Res Qual Life. 2023 Mar 27:1-23. doi: 10.1007/s11482-023-10164-1. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 37359217; PMCID: PMC10041508.
  • Türk N, Arslan G, Kaya A, Güç E, Turan ME. Psychological maltreatment, meaning-centered coping, psychological flexibility, and suicide cognitions: A moderated mediation model. Child Abuse Negl. 2024 Apr 2;152:106735. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.106735. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 38569454.
  • Ramaci T, Bellini D, Presti G, Santisi G. Psychological Flexibility and Mindfulness as Predictors of Individual Outcomes in Hospital Health Workers. Front Psychol. 2019 Jun 12;10:1302. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01302. PMID: 31249541; PMCID: PMC6582771.
  • Yang X, Ebo TO, Wong K, Wang X. Relationships between psychological flexibility and internet gaming disorder among adolescents: Mediation effects of depression and maladaptive cognitions. PLoS One. 2023 Feb 3;18(2):e0281269. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281269. PMID: 36735753; PMCID: PMC9897526.
  • Tindle R, Hemi A, Moustafa AA. Social support, psychological flexibility and coping mediate the association between COVID-19 related stress exposure and psychological distress. Sci Rep. 2022 May 23;12(1):8688. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-12262-w. PMID: 35606392; PMCID: PMC9126245.
  • Kroemeke A, Dudek J, Sobczyk-Kruszelnicka M. The role of psychological flexibility in the meaning-reconstruction process in cancer: The intensive longitudinal study protocol. PLoS One. 2022 Oct 13;17(10):e0276049. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276049. PMID: 36228034; PMCID: PMC9560549.
  • Proctor CJ, Reiman A, Best LA. Working after cancer: psychological flexibility and the quality of working life. J Cancer Surviv. 2024 Feb;18(1):196-206. doi: 10.1007/s11764-023-01364-7. Epub 2023 Mar 24. PMID: 36964294.
  • Valdivia-Salas S, Martín-Albo J, Cruz A, Villanueva-Blasco VJ, Jiménez TI. Psychological Flexibility With Prejudices Increases Empathy and Decreases Distress Among Adolescents: A Spanish Validation of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-Stigma. Front Psychol. 2021 Jan 22;11:565638. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.565638. PMID: 33551895; PMCID: PMC7862551.
  • Yıldız E, Yıldırım Ö. The mediating role of psychological flexibility in the relationship between psychotic symptom severity and depression in individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs. 2024 Mar 12. doi: 10.1111/jpm.13040. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 38469987.
  • Landi G, Pakenham KI, Crocetti E, Tossani E, Grandi S. The trajectories of anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic and the protective role of psychological flexibility: A four-wave longitudinal study. J Affect Disord. 2022 Jun 15;307:69-78. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.03.067. Epub 2022 Apr 1. PMID: 35378147; PMCID: PMC8972980.
  • Zukerman G, Maor M, Reichard T, Ben-Itzhak S. Beyond illness perception: the effects of psychological flexibility when coping with a chronic medical condition. Psychol Health Med. 2023 Jul-Dec;28(7):1795-1802. doi: 10.1080/13548506.2022.2067344. Epub 2022 Apr 19. PMID: 35440254.
  • Zukerman G, Maor M, Reichard T, Ben-Itzhak S. Does older mean flexible? Psychological flexibility and illness cognitions in chronic medical conditions – the moderating effect of age. Psychol Health Med. 2023 Jul-Dec;28(7):1844-1860. doi: 10.1080/13548506.2023.2206145. Epub 2023 Apr 23. PMID: 37088966.
  • Akbari M, Seydavi M, Zamani E. The mediating role of personalized psychological flexibility in the association between distress intolerance and psychological distress: A national survey during the fourth waves of COVID-19 pandemic in Iran. Clin Psychol Psychother. 2021 Nov;28(6):1416-1426. doi: 10.1002/cpp.2685. Epub 2021 Nov 11. PMID: 34731531; PMCID: PMC8653034.
  • Jeffords JR, Bayly BL, Bumpus MF, Hill LG. Investigating the Relationship between University Students’ Psychological Flexibility and College Self-Efficacy. J Coll Stud Ret. 2020 Aug 1;22(2):351-372. doi: 10.1177/1521025117751071. Epub 2018 Jan 9. PMID: 33867862; PMCID: PMC8049598.
  • Cano A, Corley AM, Clark SM, Martinez SC. A Couple-Based Psychological Treatment for Chronic Pain and Relationship Distress. Cogn Behav Pract. 2018 Feb;25(1):119-134. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpra.2017.02.003. Epub 2017 Mar 21. PMID: 29497271; PMCID: PMC5826564.
  • Morton C, Mooney TA, Lozano LL, Adams EA, Makriyianis HM, Liss M. Psychological inflexibility moderates the relationship between thin-ideal internalization and disordered eating. Eat Behav. 2020 Jan;36:101345. doi: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2019.101345. Epub 2019 Nov 15. PMID: 31760368.
  • McCracken LM. Committed action: an application of the psychological flexibility model to activity patterns in chronic pain. J Pain. 2013 Aug;14(8):828-35. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2013.02.009. Epub 2013 May 4. PMID: 23651881.
  • Wicksell RK, Olsson GL, Hayes SC. Psychological flexibility as a mediator of improvement in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for patients with chronic pain following whiplash. Eur J Pain. 2010 Nov;14(10):1059.e1-1059.e11. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpain.2010.05.001. Epub 2010 Jun 9. PMID: 20538493.
  • Williams KE, Ciarrochi J, Heaven PC. Inflexible parents, inflexible kids: a 6-year longitudinal study of parenting style and the development of psychological flexibility in adolescents. J Youth Adolesc. 2012 Aug;41(8):1053-66. doi: 10.1007/s10964-012-9744-0. Epub 2012 Feb 7. PMID: 22311519.
  • Vowles KE, McCracken LM. Comparing the role of psychological flexibility and traditional pain management coping strategies in chronic pain treatment outcomes. Behav Res Ther. 2010 Feb;48(2):141-6. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2009.09.011. Epub 2009 Oct 8. PMID: 19853243.
Nociception
  • Sneddon LU. Comparative Physiology of Nociception and Pain. Physiology (Bethesda). 2018 Jan 1;33(1):63-73. doi: 10.1152/physiol.00022.2017. PMID: 29212893.
  • Woller SA, Eddinger KA, Corr M, Yaksh TL. An overview of pathways encoding nociception. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2017 Sep-Oct;35 Suppl 107(5):40-46. Epub 2017 Sep 29. PMID: 28967373; PMCID: PMC6636838.
  • Sunzini F, Schrepf A, Clauw DJ, Basu N. The Biology of Pain: Through the Rheumatology Lens. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2023 May;75(5):650-660. doi: 10.1002/art.42429. Epub 2023 Mar 20. PMID: 36599071.
  • Ge W, Khalsa PS. Encoding of compressive stress during indentation by group III and IV muscle mechano-nociceptors in rat gracilis muscle. J Neurophysiol. 2003 Feb;89(2):785-92. doi: 10.1152/jn.00624.2002. PMID: 12574456.
  • Walters ET, Crook RJ, Neely GG, Price TJ, Smith ESJ. Persistent nociceptor hyperactivity as a painful evolutionary adaptation. Trends Neurosci. 2023 Mar;46(3):211-227. doi: 10.1016/j.tins.2022.12.007. Epub 2023 Jan 5. PMID: 36610893; PMCID: PMC9974896.
  • Di Lernia D, Serino S, Riva G. Pain in the body. Altered interoception in chronic pain conditions: A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2016 Dec;71:328-341. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.09.015. Epub 2016 Sep 18. PMID: 27654341.
  • Cohen M, Quintner J, Weisman A. “Nociplastic pain”: a challenge to nosology and to nociception. The Journal of Pain. 2023;24(12):2131-2139.
  • Stein R, Capaday C. The modulation of human reflexes during functional motor tasks. Trends in Neurosciences. Published online 1988.
  • Sandrini G, Serrao M, Rossi P, Romaniello A, Cruccu G, Willer JC. The lower limb flexion reflex in humans. Prog Neurobiol. 2005 Dec;77(6):353-95. doi: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2005.11.003. Epub 2005 Dec 28. PMID: 16386347.
  • Serrao M, Ranavolo A, Andersen OK, Don R, Draicchio F, Conte C, Di Fabio R, Perrotta A, Bartolo M, Padua L, Santilli V, Sandrini G, Pierelli F. Reorganization of multi-muscle and joint withdrawal reflex during arm movements in post-stroke hemiparetic patients. Clin Neurophysiol. 2012 Mar;123(3):527-40. doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2011.07.031. Epub 2011 Aug 6. PMID: 21824814.
  • Serrao M, Pierelli F, Don R, Ranavolo A, Cacchio A, Currà A, Sandrini G, Frascarelli M, Santilli V. Kinematic and electromyographic study of the nociceptive withdrawal reflex in the upper limbs during rest and movement. J Neurosci. 2006 Mar 29;26(13):3505-13. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5160-05.2006. PMID: 16571758; PMCID: PMC6673871.
  • Gadhvi M, Moore MJ, Waseem M. Physiology, Sensory System. In: StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island (FL); 2023. PMID: 31613436.
  • Thacker M, Dip G, Grad P, Fcsp DM. Louis Gifford – revolutionary: the Mature Organism Model, an embodied cognitive perspective of pain.
Central Sensitization
  • Ji, Ru-Rong, et al. “Neuroinflammation and central sensitization in chronic and widespread pain.” Anesthesiology: The Journal of the American Society of Anesthesiologists(2018).
  • Woolf, Clifford J. “Central sensitization: implications for the diagnosis and treatment of pain.” Pain3 (2011): S2-S15.
  • Ji, Ru-Rong, et al. “Central sensitization and LTP: do pain and memory share similar mechanisms?.” Trends in neurosciences12 (2003): 696-705.
  • Desmeules, Jules Alexandre, et al. “Neurophysiologic evidence for a central sensitization in patients with fibromyalgia.” Arthritis & Rheumatology5 (2003): 1420-1429.
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